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Finding a Healthy Weight for Your Cat: Weight Chart

When you look at your cat, do you always wonder if they’re a healthy weight? If they need more or less food, and maybe some more exercise? Knowing how to balance their diet, exercise, play, and sleep needs are going to change depending on what cat you have. All cats are different and have different needs.

Some might be more physically active, meaning they need to intake more food on a daily basis to combat their high activity levels. Others tend to prefer sleeping in the sunshine or on your lap and might need to be watched to make sure they don’t snack more than is healthy.

Your cat is unique and adorable (and we are sure you already know this), so you might be surprised to find where your cat fits on the weight chart. Keep reading to learn more about finding a healthy weight for your cat.

What Is an “Average” Cat Weight?

Unfortunately, there is no such thing as an average cat weight. This is because there is no such this as an average cat. All cats are different in size and needs.

Therefore, it’s hard to determine what would be considered average. Certain cat breeds will have certain averages in weight and size, so it’s important that you understand the average for your cat’s specific breed and gender.

You might not even realize if your cat is overweight or underweight, but learning how to balance their nutrition and physical activity can help maintain their weight and keep them healthy. Cats can range from six pounds to 25 pounds, so make sure you are looking specifically into their breed’s average.

How Can You Determine a Healthy Cat Weight?

When you bring your cat to a vet, they might weigh them, but they will also determine if they are healthy with the Body Condition Scoring (BCS) System. This system allows for visible guidelines that can help determine whether your cat is at a healthy weight or not.

If you can significantly see your cat’s ribs and there is a jagged dip in their hips, they might be underweight. If your cat’s belly is round and protruding on the sides, with a large pouch underneath, they might be overweight.

Truthfully, it does come down to your specific cat breed’s average weight, so knowing what that is can be helpful. On average, a domestic cat might be healthiest around the ten pounds mark, but that range is by no means the law, nor is it set in stone.

What Is Considered Overweight for a Cat?

If you cannot see the outline of your cat’s body, and they seem to be round, with a skin pouch hanging from their underneaths, it might be time to work them onto a diet. They should have somewhat of an hourglass figure to them, so if this is not the case, you might run into health concerns later on. Keep in mind that some cats, like Bengals, naturally have a slight pooch under their bellies (thanks to their wild cat ancestors).

An overweight cat will be apparent, but they are also well-loved, so many people don’t consider it to be that much of an issue. A cat can easily gain weight if they are overeating and not getting enough exercise. Some cats are more chill than others, so you have to be on top of their diets more so than an active kitty.

What Is Considered Underweight for a Cat?

If a cat is happy and healthy, they are likely to want to eat and play, and their weight will reflect this. If you have recently taken in a stray cat or adopted a cat, you might be able to see their ribs more prominently. Getting your cat to a healthy weight will take some time and dedication, but if they are comfortable and trusting of you, they will be more apt to eat their food.

In order to help your cat reach a healthy weight, your feline friend might be recommended to eat more cat food or opt for a higher-calorie diet. You will still want to ensure your cat is getting plenty of exercise to keep their appetite up and learn how to maintain their weight.

Average Cat Weights by Breed

Here is a list of cat breed weight averages:

Domestic Shorthair cats: A healthy weight is between 6 and 12 pounds.
Persian cats: A healthy weight is between 7 and 14 pounds.
Devon Rex cats: A healthy weight is between 6 and 9 pounds.
Sphynx cats: A healthy weight is between 6 and 12 pounds.
American Shorthair cats: A healthy weight is between 7 and 12 pounds.
Munchkin cats: A healthy weight is between 4 and 9 pounds.
British Shorthair cats: A healthy weight is between 9 and 18 pounds.
Maine Coon cats: A healthy weight is between 8 and 20 pounds.

How Your Cat Can Maintain a Healthy Weight

If your cat is struggling with their weight, either they can’t keep it off, or they can’t gain any weight, there are things you can do to help them maintain it.

First of all, what you are feeding your cat will have a direct impact on their weight. You should discuss with your veterinarian if the food you are feeding your cat is nutritious enough. A well-balanced diet will ensure your cat is as healthy and happy as possible.

On top of a nutritious diet, exercise and play are really important to maintain a healthy weight. If your cat is known as a sedate breed, this might mean you actively play with them throughout the day to ensure they exercise. Soon, you’ll be an expert in wands and teasers, puzzle toys, and balls with delicate bells inside them.

If your cat is known to be active and energetic, this might not be as big of a problem. Though, an active kitty might get hungry easier. It’s critical that you don’t overfeed them, even if they are burning calories!

Checking with your vet for any underlying health-related issues might also explain some of your cat’s weight issues (if they have any). Understanding these underlying causes might make giving your cat a proper diet and exercise regime easier.

Your cat controls a lot in their own life, but you are likely the food supplier, so being mindful of what you’re giving your cat can ensure a happy life in the long run. Your cat may try to peer pressure into pulling out the snacks by yelling at 3 AM every morning, but stay strong. You can do this.

AskVet Can Help

To better understand your cat’s weight and health, consider signing up with AskVet, now for only $9.99/month. You will have access to vets who can answer all your cat-related questions (and all animal-related questions at that). Discussing your cat’s eating and exercise habits can give them a better understanding of what your cat might be going through and if you need to make changes for them.

With AskVet, you don’t have to worry about waiting for a vet appointment to get medical advice for your animal. Our services help you to protect your pet and keep them as healthy and happy as possible. Sign up today and see just what it is we are all about!

Sources:

Body Condition Scoring (BCS) Systems | American Animal Hospital Association

Ideal Dog and Cat Weight Ranges | Pet Obesity Prevention

Feeding Your Cat | Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine

Possible Reasons Your Cat Has Dandruff & Some Solutions

If you’re the pet parent of a furry feline, you know that cats are mostly self-sufficient when it comes to grooming. Although cats bathe and groom themselves, sometimes their diligent grooming isn’t enough, and they may develop some health issues.

One of these potential problems is cat dandruff. Not to worry — there are things you can do to recognize this problem and ensure that their health is maintained.

Continue reading to learn about what causes cat dandruff and a few possible treatments and solutions.

What Is Cat Dandruff?

Cat dandruff is similar to human dandruff. It is a condition that causes your cat’s skin to flake and become dry, which can be uncomfortable for them. This is normal when it occurs in small amounts, but large amounts of dandruff may require treatment as it could be a sign of underlying health issues.

Let’s talk about the potential causes of dandruff and some health issues it could indicate.

Why Does My Cat Have Dandruff?

Many factors can cause dandruff, ranging from the quality of your cat’s diet to skin infections. The treatment of your cat’s dandruff will vary based on the cause and severity.

Here are a few things that might be causing your cat’s dandruff:

Obesity

Obesity can inhibit your cat’s ability to groom themselves, leading to a build-up of dandruff in certain areas of their body.

Arthritis

If your cat has arthritis, they may be uncomfortable, and avoid grooming. The decline in their usual grooming habits could increase the likelihood of dandruff. In this case, as with any other underlying condition, the dandruff should improve once the arthritis is treated.

Infections

Additionally, skin and fungal infections can play a role in developing dandruff as they cause trauma to your cat’s skin. The treatment of these infections will differ based on the type of infection, but treating the infection should resolve the dandruff.

External Parasites and the Cheyletiella Mite

External parasites can cause dandruff by feeding off of skin cells. Most parasites can be managed with flea treatments, but there is one particular parasite you should be wary of.

The Cheyletiella mite is contagious and can result in skin irritation as well as hair loss and sores if your cat reacts by scratching or over-grooming to soothe themselves. It is also referred to as Cheyletiellosis or walking dandruff because the mites move along the skin.

Moisture

If the air in your home is dry, it could be taking the moisture out of your cat’s skin. This can cause dandruff and worsen dandruff that may already be present.

Diet

Your cat’s diet can affect skin and coat health drastically. Certain deficiencies in their diet can lead to dandruff, but there are changes to their food that you can make to prevent it.

Possible Solutions for Cat Dandruff

If your cat has dandruff, it is best to discuss options with your vet before attempting to treat it. They can help you determine the condition’s source and guide your cat back to their normal, happy self.

Here are a few things your vet might suggest:

Use a Humidifier

Using a humidifier in your home can add moisture to the air, reducing the chances of dandruff.

Keep Them Hydrated

Increasing your cat’s water consumption could also help. One way to do this is by adjusting their diet to include wet food. You could also purchase a drinking fountain as some cats prefer running water over a water bowl.

Try Topical Products

Topical products such as sprays and shampoos can assist in moisturizing your cat’s skin. It is essential to only use products meant for animals, as products meant for humans could contain chemicals and other ingredients that may be harmful to your cat.

Help With Grooming

If they are struggling to groom themselves, brushing your cat on a regular basis can remove dandruff while spreading the skin’s natural oils. This can be relaxing for them as it massages the skin and supports blood flow.

Flea Treatment

If external parasites such as fleas are the cause, your vet might recommend a form of flea and tick treatment to get rid of the pests. Talk to your vet to find the best option for your cat.

Weight Loss

If obesity is the main factor in their dandruff, your vet may suggest steps to help your cat lose weight. This could include changes to their diet or incorporating exercise into their routine. Consult your DVM before making these adjustments, as your cat’s age and breed are important factors in their ideal body weight.

Weight Loss Basics

There are several changes you can make to your cat’s lifestyle to help them lose weight and maintain a healthy weight.

Some possible solutions include:

Use an automatic feeder: Automatic feeders measure and release a preset amount of food every day, which can help prevent overeating.
Increase playtime: Adding play to their daily routine can help burn calories naturally. Try a variety of different toys to keep things interesting.
Use treat toys: Treat toys are another way to stimulate physical activity. This forces your cat to exercise in order to get treats, keeping them distracted as they gradually lose weight.
Go for walks: If your cat enjoys being outside, you might want to take them on walks. It is safest to use a harness and leash instead of a collar. Using treats as an incentive while they get used to the leash can make leash training easier and more enjoyable.
Adjust their feeding schedule: Feeding them once a day may increase overeating, as they could become more hungry throughout the day afterward. Rather than having one specific feeding time, try separating their normal amount of food into smaller meals and feeding them multiple times per day.
Move their litter box and bowls: For cats who aren’t inclined to spend time outdoors, changing the location of their bowls and litter box frequently encourages movement as they have to search for them daily.

Ask for Professional Advice

Cat dandruff isn’t fun for anyone. It’s not fun for us, and it’s certainly not fun for our feline friends. If you are looking for some guidance and tips on pet care (from your cat to your lizard to fish — basically, the whole menagerie), you can rely on AskVet.

Access 360° Pet Care with AskVet for $9.99 a month.

Sources:

Don’t Brush Off Feline Dandruff | CVMBS News

Pet Dandruff: Causes & How to Prevent Its Buildup | VetDERM Clinic

Dandruff – Cat Owners | Pets and Parasites

The Dos and Don’ts of Walking Your Cat | Texas Humane Heroes

Reiki for Dogs 101: Fact vs. Fiction

As pet parents, we would do anything to keep our furry friends happy and healthy. We go the extra mile (or extra thousand miles) to help them when they are in distress. One way to look out for your pet’s well-being is by incorporating Reiki healing into their well-rounded care routine.

Continue reading to learn more about Reiki healing and how it may help soothe your pet.

What Is Reiki Healing?

Reiki healing is an ancient form of therapy that can be used to soothe physical, mental, and emotional pain. Reiki practitioners attempt to deliver energy to the body through a technique called palm healing. Palm healing is supposed to balance energy to promote relaxation and reduce some physical and emotional pain.

Some humans swear by Reiki healing, but can it help dogs?

What Are the Potential Benefits of Reiki for Dogs?

Dogs benefit from Reiki in similar ways to humans. It might help dogs adjust to situations that might otherwise be anxiety-inducing (such as going to a new place or meeting new animal friends). It may even assist in recovery after illness, injury, or surgery.

Here are a few ways your dog could benefit:

Stress Relief

One of the main overall benefits of Reiki for anxious animals is that it may relieve stress. Reiki is often associated with warm sensations that participants find particularly soothing.

When a Reiki practitioner creates a calm environment through meditation, then invites the dog to think about joining, the dog could gradually feel more peaceful and less anxious. This practice could be especially helpful for dogs in high-stress environments such as crowded shelters and homes with multiple people or pets.

Medical Care and Recovery

For dogs experiencing illness or recovering after surgery, Reiki may encourage the body to repair itself naturally while easing muscle tension. This practice could help pups decompress before receiving medical care as well.

Trauma and Behavioral Problems

Sometimes, Reiki supports dogs in animal shelters who are struggling with overstimulation, boredom, and unpredictability.

Reiki may help them overcome trauma from their past and resolve behavioral problems, possibly increasing their chances of successfully transitioning into a new home. While Reiki shouldn’t replace traditional behavioral training techniques, it can be a great addition to a trainer’s toolbelt of resources.

Grieving Process

If a dog is grieving a human or pet family member who has passed, Reiki could possibly provide a sense of peace while adjusting to life without their loved one.

End of Life Process

Reiki could help dogs who are about to pass feel tranquil before crossing the rainbow bridge.

Bonding

Reiki can allow you to connect with your dog and spend time with them in a way that benefits both of you. When you share that gentle, compassionate space with them, it might be easier for them to open up to you.

If you have brought home a new dog who is having trouble getting acclimated to an unfamiliar environment, this practice can encourage trust and a sense of belonging. Reiki might provide a healthy space to allow them to feel like themselves again.

How To Perform Reiki for Dogs

Now that you know what Reiki is and how it can help your dog, you might be wondering how to perform it. Let’s discuss some hand positions and give basic instructions so your dog might fully benefit from this practice.

Reiki is non-invasive. It only uses touch to transfer energy from you to your dog, and they do not feel any pain during the process. This makes it easy to perform anywhere, anytime.

Each position should be held for a few minutes to allow them the opportunity to begin to decompress. It is more effective to start at the top of your pup’s body, then move downwards throughout the session.

Hand Positions and Techniques

Shoulders: Put your right hand on your dog’s left shoulder and your left hand on the right shoulder. You may need to modify the placement of your hands based on your dog’s position.

For instance, if your dog is on their side, place both hands on the side of their upward-facing side. If they are standing or sitting, place one hand on each of their shoulder blades from behind. This position, like all positions, should be held for several minutes (or as long as your dog is enjoying it).

Midsection Area: Center both hands on the middle of your dog’s stomach if they are lying down. If they are standing or sitting, put your hands on both sides of the spine.
Chest and Head: Place one hand on your dog’s chest and the other on their head between their ears.
Chest and Back: Center one hand between your dog’s shoulder blades and the other on their chest.
Lower Back: Put your hands side-by-side on your dog’s lower back, directly above the tail. When your dog is lying on their side, your hands can remain next to one another. For this technique, you should put one hand on each side of the spine when your pup is standing or sitting.

How To Create a Positive Atmosphere

Like in all manners of dog training, positive reinforcement and having a fun time is key.

It is important not to force dogs to participate in Reiki but simply hold space for them and invite them to join. This ensures they won’t feel anxious throughout the session and can take things at their own pace.

Over time, your dog could be more inclined to participate when they see that you continue to hold space in a gentle, supportive manner.

If your pup is asking a little shy, here are some ways to encourage them to get in on the fun:

Continue Holding Space

If your dog is uninterested at the beginning of the first session (or for the first few sessions), remember that it will take time for them to become accustomed to Reiki.

As you continue to create and hold a relaxed space, it will be easier for them to be open to the process. The purpose of Reiki is to transfer your own zen energy to your dog. If your energy is strained, your dog might not be receptive to it. You will see better results when your dog is slowly introduced to Reiki.

Let Your Dog Lead

Don’t try to control the session. Give your dog time to feel comfortable in the space and let them show you what feels right while you observe your pup’s reaction.

When your dog feels like they hold their fate in their own paws, it can help make the overall process go smoothly.

Be Patient

When practicing Reiki with dogs, results are hardly ever immediate. Some dogs may have more difficulty or react differently than others. With patience (or maybe a treat and tummy rub), dogs could be more receptive to Reiki as you continue.

Can Pet Parents Benefit From Giving Reiki?

We’ve talked about how your dog can benefit from this treatment, but what about the pet parent, aka you? You’ll be glad to know that Reiki is mutually beneficial even when it’s focused on your dog’s well-being.

Here are some ways Reiki could help you become a better companion to your best friend:

Connection: Reiki creates a steady environment that both you and your dog can share, providing an opportunity for you to connect on a deeper level. You might notice that using Reiki helps you better understand your dog’s behavior and moods.
Relaxation: Reiki is meant to relieve any tension or stress your dog may be feeling. By holding this calm space for them, you can start to feel more serene along with them.
Easily Accessible: Reiki can be done anywhere and doesn’t require special tools or equipment. Just head to your dog’s favorite space to chill and get ready to unwind.

Help From Animal Reiki Practitioners

If you prefer an Animal Reiki Practitioner to work with your pup, the prices tend to vary based on the number of sessions and the length of each session. Some Animal Reiki Practitioners will perform at-home sessions, which could cost more than regular sessions.

Virtual Reiki sessions are also an option, which some dogs might respond better to (depending on their demeanor and comfort level around strangers in their space). Online courses and tutorials that can help you learn Reiki independently may be less expensive than professional sessions. Plus, you learn a new skill and spend some quality time with your favorite fluffy friend!

Is Reiki Right for My Pet?

Reiki could be combined with traditional veterinary medicine practices as well as other forms of behavioral training, preventative care, and diet and exercise. If you’re unsure about which practices are best suited to your furry friend, you can reach out to AskVet.

AskVet’s Certified Pet Lifestyle Experts™ are here to be the best friend of man’s best friend. They are here to advise loving pet parents on anything and everything. Connect to the AskVet app for just $9.99 a month to put all four paws forward.

Sources:

All About Reiki: How This Type of Energy Healing Works, and Its Health Benefits | Everyday Health

Reiki Healing for Pets: Is It Possible? | American Kennel Club

4 ways that Reiki can help shelter animals | IVC Journal

Pet Dental Health – What Not to Ignore

Welcome to the AskVet Webinar Series where our doctors and veterinary professionals present relevant information and discuss important pet topics. Join our live streams to learn how you, your dogs, and your cats can live your best lives!

Dental disease affects a majority of cats and dogs and is the most common course of chronic pain for our pets. Catching dental issues before they become advanced or painful is the goal of this discussion with Dr. Marks. Dental disease typically has an early onset with more than 80% of dogs and greater than 50% of cats over the age of 3 affected! Untreated dental disease can also cause problems in the body making early detection so important. For those pets afflicted by untreated dental disease, the bacteria under the gums circulates in the bloodstream and can affect the heart, liver, and kidneys. Watch below to learn more about dental disease and ways to proactively look for signs and symptoms.

Lesser known signs of dental disease

Discolored teeth (This can be caused by plaque and tartar.)
Red gums
Broken teeth
Bleeding from the mouth
Bad breath! #1 indicator (The bad breath is caused by a gaseous waste product of bacteria in the mouth.)

3 subtle signs of dental disease in dogs to not ignore

Swelling under eye
This is caused by a tooth root abscess of the 4th premolar on the upper jaw, otherwise known as the carnassial tooth. It is the largest chewing tooth. This condition is painful and requires oral surgery such as a root canal or tooth extraction, antibiotics and pain meds.
Drooling
This indicates pain. Also nasal discharge can occur if there is an oronasal fistula, or a hole from the canine tooth to the nostril.
Dropping food
If dropping food is out of character for your pet, you notice chewing on one side only, or your pet is eating slowly when normally they eat fast, then a dental problem needs to be considered.

3 subtle signs of dental disease in cats to not ignore

Cats are by nature very stoic. They do not show signs of pain as this makes them vulnerable to predators, so it is important to carefully observe your cat for subtle signs of dental disease.

Red dots
These are resorptive lesions typically found on the crown of the tooth, They are hard to see, but indicate disease under the gum. This is usually a genetic issue where the immune system attacks tooth roots and erodes and dissolves tooth’s blood supply causing the tooth to fracture. Extraction of the affected tooth is the treatment of choice.
Pawing at mouth,
Cats will normally paw or rub their faces during normal grooming, but if this behavior becomes more aggressive and less gentle, then they may be experiencing oral pain.
Appetite change
Most cats have predictable eating behavior. If normal eating behavior changes, if not dental disease causing the problem, it is something else that needs to be investigated.

Best ways to to prevent dental disease

Although brushing is best, it is not always possible in reality. Toothbrushing is dependent upon the pet’s temperament, their training, and your ability to commit time to their dental care.
Try to pair your pet’s toothbrushing session with a bedtime routine.
Use finger or baby toothbrushes.
Daily dental care is the key. Do something every day whether it be dental wipes, chews, oral rinses, or prescription food. It makes you flip the lip to look at your pet’s dental health to hopefully catch abnormalities sooner rather than later
Go to the Veterinary Oral Health Council to learn more. They also list many approved OTC dental options for your pets.

At AskVet, we know that every pet has its own personality and unique set of needs, which will continually evolve over time. We’re here to help you evolve with them. We use 360° Wellness Plans to help guide you through every stage of your pet’s life—and we’re with you every step of the way.

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Puppy Potty Training Success in 20 Minutes

Welcome to the Askvet Webinar Series where our doctors and veterinary professionals present relevant information and discuss important pet topics. Join our live streams to learn how you, your dogs, and your cats can live your best lives!

House training a puppy can be a very frustrating process and can lead to anxiety and even anger, but with patience and a calm presence, can become a very rewarding endeavor. If done correctly, potty training can create a happier dog and a stronger human-animal bond. Join Dr. Marks in our live AskVet webinar to learn how to effectively house train a puppy.

5 steps to house training a Puppy

Schedule time blocks and a house training routine.
Before getting a puppy, think proactively about how your life will be affected and if you have time to commit to a puppy. Your work schedule, travel plans, and daily home life for instance will be impacted and must accommodate a puppy that is being house trained. Create a village to help! Have friends, family, co-workers, pet sitters, or neighbors assist with the process.

For puppies, less than 12 weeks of age, they need to be let outside every 1-2 hours during the day. For puppies more than 12 weeks, they need to be let outside every 2-4 hours during the day. Puppies usually need to go immediately after waking, after playing, and after eating or drinking.

Bring them outside on a leash. This not only helps with potty training, but helps them learn how to walk on a leash and aids in socialization.

Use a 2 word command every time you take your puppy outside. For instance, if the puppy’s name is Franklin, say “Franklin potty.” Overtime, Franklin will understand this command.

Create a feeding schedule. Mealtimes and training times need to be connected. Within 20 minutes of eating and drinking, your puppy will need to potty. Feeding at the same time every day will increase predictability and lead to better house training success.

Use a crate. Dogs in general are den animals. They like to snuggle and bed down in a safe space. A crate creates this safe space for a puppy. Let your puppy eat treats or meals and have toy time in the crate to make it a positive space. They also will not sleep or eat where they eliminate, so using a crate is a form of natural discouragement from urinating and defecating in the house. Crate size is important as well. Ensure the crate is only big enough for your puppy to stand up, turn around, and lay down. A crate that is too large will allow the puppy to eliminate in the crate while having a separate space to lay down. Crate dividers can be used to expand the crate size to meet the needs of a growing puppy.

Reward Be your puppy’s cheerleader especially immediately after eliminating. When your puppy goes, reward instantly with verbal praise, treats, toys, touch and love.

Learn body language Read your puppy’s body language as most puppies will give cues that they need to relieve themselves. They may start whining, circling, or sniffing. Some may sit by the door patiently; these dogs can be trained to ring a bell when they need to go outside. Others may wander off to find a place in the house to eliminate. If your puppy wanders often, use a light leash in your home when out of the crate to keep a closer eye on your puppy and to catch them before they go.

Potty Training No-No’s

Accidents always happen! Never punish for accidents. No spray bottles, rubbing noses into the soiled area, yelling, or hitting. Puppies do not understand the negative connection and punishment will only create fear and anxiety as well as lead to the deterioration of your human-animal bond. When a puppy has an accident, it usually is our fault. For instance, we left the puppy in the crate too long, we didn’t adhere to the schedule and routine, or we did not use the proper command.

Puppy Pads

Puppy pads are not a substitute for a crate. They do not create a safe space and are not a den. Most dogs do not need pee pads as it only leads to confusion for them. However, there are special circumstances that these pads can be used successfully. For instance, puppies living in a high rise, dogs with social anxiety, or our geriatric canines. If puppy pads are needed, make a room for the puppy. Place the pee pad next to the crate, so they realize that there is a special place for elimination.

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Building a First Aid Kit for your Pets

While we think of packing an emergency kit for ourselves, we often forget about our pets! In the event of a natural disaster, a home evacuation, a camping trip, or even a quick trip to the park, it is always best to be prepared. In this webinar, Dr. Emily Gaugh discusses how to pack an emergency kit for your pets and how to perform basic first aid care for our furry companions. Watch below to learn more about building first aid kits for your pets!

Customized Kits

First aid kits should be individualized and customized to your pets. Ideally, you want one kit for every pet in your home. Include the following:

Emergency info sheet with the contact info of your regular veterinarian, your local veterinary emergency hospital, and Pet Poison Helpline or ASPCA Pet Poison Control hotline phone number.
Include your pet’s normal vitals (heart rate and respiratory rate) and weight.
A medication listing any prescription or OTC medications your pet is taking. Also talk with your veterinarian about what OTC medications are safe to use and have on hand in the event of an emergency. Your vet can provide info on OTC antacid or antihistamine dosing for instance.
Have recent photos of your pets in case they are lost.

Basic Assessment

A basic pet health assessment includes temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate. Having a watch with a second hand or a phone with a timer, will be needed. It is important to know what your pet’s normal vitals are, in order to determine when they are abnormal.

To obtain an accurate temperature, you will need a rectal thermometer, gloves and lubrication. Only take a rectal temperature if you can do so safely. Even the best dogs and cats aren’t always cooperative. Alternatively, an armpit or axillary temperature can be taken. Add 1.5 – 2.0 degrees to the reading for accuracy. Normal temperature ranges from 100-103 F. However, if your pet is stressed or anxious, the temperature can be falsely elevated. If your pet has just woken up or needs to have a bowel movement, the temperature may be falsely low.

Respiratory rates (how many breaths are taken in 60 seconds) should be obtained when the pet is awake. During sleep, they can experience rapid or slow breathing, twitching, snorting, and other normal behaviors that will make it difficult to get an accurate respiratory rate. Make sure your pet is relaxed and not panting. To obtain a heart rate (how many times the heart beats in 60 seconds), place your hand on the chest behind the point of the elbow, or inside the thigh on the femoral artery.

Kit Contents

In addition to the contact info, photos, and medications list, you will want to include a cone or ecollar that is already fitted to your pet. Place the cone on to prevent licking or chewing which will reduce inflammation and decrease the risk of infection. Ideally the hard plastic ones are best. Inflatable donuts to wear around the neck are an option as well, but they do not prevent the pet from reaching extremities. Include an old t-shirt to cover a wound or injury and a large towel. The towel can be used to provide pressure if bleeding, and can be rolled and wrapped around the neck to keep your pet from biting in the event that they are in pain. Consider packing a muzzle. Basket muzzles allow your pet to breath, pant, and drink while offering protection. Roll gauze can be fastened into a temporary makeshift muzzle if needed. Include a slip leash for handling and a carrier for small pets. Your first aid supplies can be stored in the carrier as well. Some miscellaneous items to include are canned pumpkin. This is a fiber source that can help alleviate diarrhea, Pack Karo syrup in the event of low blood sugar, tweezers for tick or thorn extractions, and a 3 days supply of food and water.

Basic First Aid Care

Reverse sneezing, although scary, is often not an emergency, but a reflex due to irritation in the back of the throat. This can be temporarily resolved by getting your pet to swallow. Offer food or water.

For superficial wounds, mild soap like Dawn dish soap, and water is all you need.Wash gently with clean cloth or rags. If a deeper wound or puncture is present, especially on the chest or abdomen, do not wash or flush as we do not know how deep these wounds go.

If there is an eye problem, you can flush with OTC eye rinse. If the problem is not remedied after flushing, the eye is red, held shut, or hazy, more extensive vet care is needed.

Some mild ear issues can be alleviated with ear cleansing. Use a canine specific ear cleaner. Ask your vet what product they recommend. If you see redness, debris, or your pet is painful, they will need more care than just cleansing alone.

Peroxide, although helpful for use in de-skunking baths, is a skin irritant. Do not apply to wounds. Also, peroxide is a gastric irritant and can cause vomiting when ingested. Never do this unless instructed by a veterinary professional as this could lead to esophageal burns, esophageal obstruction or gastric ulceration. Never use in cats!

Epsom salts can be used for mild inflammation especially for paws. You can soak a cloth in epsom salts and wrap around the affected area.

Ice packs and warm compresses can be used for pain control and to reduce inflammation. Always place a dry towel in between the skin and compress. Do not force your pet to accept heat or cold therapy as we could be causing more harm. Allow them to move away if they chose.

Rest is best for injury. Do not use OTC pain medication for your pets. They are unsafe and could be toxic. Also do not use aspirin. It is not effective at reducing pain and inflammation, it causes stomach ulceration, and prevents vets from using effective meds.

In the event of bleeding, use non-stick, non adherent telfa pads. Apply pressure with a towel on top of the pad. Do not bandage as there are often complications if not applied correctly, such as more pain, inflammation, and increases the chance of infection. Include nail trimmers and styptic powder, flour, or cornstarch in the event of a broken nail.

Itching can be alleviated by applying a cool compress and wiping feet with cool damp washcloth after being outside. Include in your kit itch spray and calming shampoo. Your vet may have recommendations on what products to use.

Heatstroke occurs commonly in spring and summer months. Dogs will become weak, may vomit or collapse. Keep pets in cool shaded areas. Check the temp if you are concerned. Do not delay care in this situation, have them seen right away! If this is not possible, place cool water on the body, but remove right away and repeat. Spray alcohol on paw pads as well to remove heat from body

If your pet ingests a toxin, try your best to estimate when it happened, how much was ingested, and what the ingredients were. Poison control or your vet will be better able to help you and your pet with the more info you can provide.

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The Settle Mat: What’s That?

In this discussion with Dr. Marks, we talk about the use of a settle mat as a training tool. A settle mat creates a safe space for your dog to relax, as well as reduces anxiety and fear. Watch below to learn more about this training technique.

A settle mat is a specified mat that your dog can go to and relax. It is not a dog bed, but a mat where they are trained to go for peace and serenity. It allows you as the pet parent to have more control of your dog’s behavior during the day.

Settle mats are a training tool for dogs that are too excitable, or have separation anxiety.

Pets that are reactive towards people or other pets or dogs that have OCD behaviors (patterned actions with no results, like tail spinning) can benefit from use of a settle mat as well.

What You Need to Start:

Mat (any type such as yoga, bath, front door mat)- This is your training tool.
Clicker- Clicker training creates sounds that trigger your dog to understand good behavior.
Treats- Have a variety of types that your dog loves.

Steps to Settle Mat Training

Place the mat down and wait quietly. This takes time and patience. Refer to clickertraining.com for assistance.
Praise/click and give a treat when your dog steps on the mat. This requires perfect timing. As soon as your dog steps on the mat, praise and click. Repeat 10 times to establish a good habit. Start placing treats directly on the mat. When your pet steps on the mat to get the treat, click and praise at the same time.
Toss treats away from the mat and move the mat to a new location. You need your dog off the mat to continue training. For this next step, your pet must have all 4 paws on the mat this time for treats. Use commands and praise that are succinct, three word phrases, such as “Good job Samantha” or “Good boy Max!” Praise phrases need to be consistent and short so as not to cause confusion for your dog.
Repetition is key. Continue to move the mat to new locations. Do not leave the mat out all the time. It is a tool to reduce excitement, not a place for a nap. Next your dog needs to sit or lay down on the mat for treats. You may need to give more enticing treats for encouragement. Again, repeat this 10 times to establish a good habit.
Build up treat intervals. We do not want to condition our dogs for treats only. Using treat intervals solves this issue. Feed 10 treats, but pause briefly in between treats. Wait a moment, then give another treat and repeat. Build up intervals to a 15 second pause and work them up to extended periods of time on the settle mat.
Add a Cue. Cue them to go to the settle mat. For example say, “Samantha settle” or “Go to bed,” or simply say “Mat.” Right before, or as you put the mat down, add the cue. The goal for your dog is to reach 2 minutes and 30 seconds on the mat.
Add distance. Most of the time during training, we are in close proximity to the mat. Take 1 step back then praise and give a treat if your dog remains on the mat. Continue. If your dog is going to be on the mat for a long period of time, choose a toy to be chewed on and that occupies your pup for a while (like a frozen kong, or rope toy).

Tips for Success

Always end a session. Give your dog a cue that the session is over. Roll up mat and put away. Do not allow use of the mat until training session.
Never use a mat as a place of punishment. It needs to always be a positive safe space.
Do not interrupt if your dog is settled on the mat. Let them be.
Keep sessions short. A session lasting 30 seconds to 2 minutes of training per day is enough. Training sessions should be short and focused.
Use pheromones. Pheromones are natural chemical compounds that dogs emit normally. Adaptil is a helpful product for settle mat training. Spray on the mat, 8 pumps per session. This creates a warm and relaxing feeling for your dog.

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What To Do If You Find A Lost Dog

I found a lost dog! What should I do? Here are some tips to help your new furry friend find its home.

ACTION

Use caution when approaching

A lost dog may be fearful, stressed, anxious, hungry, sick or injured. Do not assume that this pet is friendly or wants to be touched. You won’t know if the dog is Rabies vaccinated and you do not want to risk a bite injury. Move slowly and quietly. Do not chase the dog if he or she runs away. Never put yourself in harm’s way or in an unsafe situation to get the pet.

Look for identification tags or collars

If the pet will let you, check for any identification tags that may be attached to a collar. There may be an owner’s name and phone number. If a Rabies tag is present, it might have the name of an animal hospital or shelter that you can contact.

Take pictures

Take pictures using your phone to post on social media or show neighbors. Make note of special markings or identification tags and where the pet is currently.

Contact neighbors and those in close proximity to where you found the dog

Go door to door, text or email pictures. Describe the location of where the dog was found or seen.

Bring the pet to a local animal shelter

Local animal shelters are the first place pet parents usually check when a pet goes missing. Shelters often take in stray or lost animals and care for them until the owner is located or a new home can be found. They usually have the ability to check for microchips as well. Use a leash if possible, or a rope. Small dogs can be transported in a carrier.

Call your local animal control

If you can not approach the dog safely, it runs away from you, or you are unable to transport it, call animal control. They have appropriate training and equipment to handle stray or lost pets and will bring them to the shelter for care. Provide a description of the pet and the exact address of where it is or was last seen.

Check with local animal hospitals

Some animal clinics may recognize a lost pet as a patient and can contact the owner. They can also scan for a microchip if they can’t identify the missing dog.

Post on social media and missing pet databases (listed below)

Post info of the missing pet on every social media and local neighborhood app you have. Where he or she was last seen, a recent picture, and any ID tags or unique physical features.

Hang posters and fliers

Print poster sized pictures and fliers of the missing dog and pertinent information. Hang in highly trafficked areas of your town. Use brightly colored, large signs to draw attention.

Check local marketplace websites

Check Craigslist and Facebook marketplace. Heartbroken pet parents may be looking for their missing pets on these forums.

Provide appropriate care if temporarily keeping the pet

If you decide to hold on to the pet while the owner is located, provide fresh water, food, and shelter. Keep separated from other animals in the home to reduce stress and disease transmission.

LINKS TO HELP

Petfinder: https://www.petfinder.com

PETCO Love Lost: https://lost.petcolove.org

Pet FBI: https://petfbi.org

Lost My Doggie: https://lostmydoggie.com

Paw Boost: https://www.pawboost.com

Find Toto: https://www.findtoto.com

Lost Dogs of America: https://lostdogsofamerica.org

Written By: Dr. Jessie Herman

Dr. Herman grew up in many places as a child of a Marine. She started her veterinary career at 14 years of age working at various farms and animals hospitals. After graduating from Auburn University College of Veterinary medicine in 2010, she worked as a general practitioner in multiple locations in the southeast US. Her professional interests include soft tissue surgery, geriatric medicine, and pain management. She also has a passion for rehabilitation which lead her to start a cold laser therapy program in 2 different hospitals. She currently resides in northern Kentucky with her husband (also a vet), children, cats, dogs, chickens, and cattle.

What To Do If Your Cat Goes Missing

1 in 3 cats will go missing in their lifetime. Hopefully this never happens to you, but if it does here are some tips to help!

ACTION

First, look in the most common places in the home your pet spends the most time

Does he love to sleep in the dryer, high up in trees, or in your neighbor’s shed? Is she often found in your children’s toy box or the garden?

Have someone stay behind

When searching for your lost cat, have someone stay home. Most lost cats will return on their own. Outdoor cats on average will wander in a 3 mile radius from home on any given day, so they may not return home right away.

Verify microchip info

If your pet is microchipped or electronically identified, call the company and make sure all contact information is correct in case he or she is found and scanned.

Search your yard or common outside areas that your cat frequents.

If your cat goes outdoors, they will often go to areas that are familiar.

Contact neighbors and those in close proximity to your home

Have a recent picture of your pet to show, so your neighbors know what to look for.

Visit local shelters

Oftentimes, when animal control or a good samaritan finds a lost cat, the pet is brought to a local animal shelter. Bring a recent picture or fliers and leave your contact info in case anyone brings your cat in. Check shelters outside of your normal radius in the event your pet ventures far from home.

Call your local animal control

Animal control is often contacted first in the event that a stray or lost cat is found. Ask if they have picked up your cat and give them a specific physical description of your pet so they can be on the lookout if he or she has not been located yet.

Talk with local animal hospitals and clinics in your area

Take a picture or flier with your contact info and pet’s details.

Post on social media

Post info of your missing pet on every social media and local neighborhood app you have. Where he or she was last seen, a recent picture, and his or her name.

Hang posters and fliers

Print poster sized pictures and fliers of your cat and pertinent information. Hang in highly trafficked areas of your town. Use brightly colored, large signs to draw attention.

Check local marketplace websites

Craigslist and Facebook marketplace, will sometimes have pets for sale (which is technically illegal, but happens anyway), up for adoption, or pets that are found. Your cat may be listed.

Beware of scams

Unfortunately, scam artists will take advantage of those looking for their missing pets. Do not go alone to meet someone who claims to have found your pet or wire money to people. Also do not give anyone money who claims to have your pet or says they know who has your pet. Avoid truck drivers who say they saw your pet and will turn around to get him or her after you have paid them. Some may also falsely state your pet has been found and is at the vet. The scammer will demand you pay the fake vet bill before your pet is returned.

Remain hopeful!

The ASPCA found that 74% of lost cats are eventually found and reunited with their owner(s) and of that percentage, 95% of cats return home on their own. Don’t give up!

PREVENTION

Once your cat has been found, here are some ways to help in the event he or she goes missing again.

1. Have your pet microchipped even if your cat is indoor only

A microchipped cat is 20 times more likely to be returned to its owner in the event that he or she is lost than a non microchipped cat! A microchip is an electronic device, smaller than a grain of rice, that is placed under your cat’s skin, usually between the shoulder blades. The procedure is very quick, does not involve sedation or anesthesia, and is quite painless. The microchip holds a unique code that is specific to only your pet. Once this code is registered, you can add your contact info to be associated with your pet’s specific code. If your pet is lost, he or she can be scanned at a shelter or vet’s office. The microchip company is then contacted, who will then contact you. Microchip placement is inexpensive and only needs to be done once in your pet’s lifetime.

2. Place a collar with identification tags

Collars can hold Rabies licenses tags and personalized tags with contact info. These tags can be attached from a metal loop or can be embroidered or attached to the collar material.

3. Introduce pets to neighbors and those close by

If you are new to an area, have a new pet, or have neighbors that recently moved in, introduce your pets. This can be done in person or with pictures. If your cat decides to wander to the neighbor two doors down, you will more likely be contacted instead of animal control.

4. Consider a catio

If your indoor cat is often escaping to the outdoors, consider getting a catio. This is an environmentally enriched outdoor enclosure for cats. It allows them to have outdoor time safely, free from predators and toxins, and keeps them from roaming far from home.

5. GPS collars and wearable trackers are great.

These wearable devices will allow you to know where your pet is at all times within a certain radius. This is a great tool for cats that frequently are on the go. You must have a cat that tolerates wearing a collar for this to be successful.

LINKS TO HELP

Petfinder: https://www.petfinder.com

Cat Finder: https://catfinder.org

PETCO Love Lost: https://lost.petcolove.org

Pet FBI: https://petfbi.org

Lost My Kitty: https://www.lostmykitty.com

Tabby Tracker: https://www.tabbytracker.com

Paw Boost: https://www.pawboost.com

Find Toto: https://www.findtoto.com

Written By: Dr. Jessie Herman

What To Do If Your Dog Goes Missing

1 in 3 dogs will go missing in their lifetime. Hopefully this never happens to you, but if it does here are some tips to help!

ACTION

First, look in the most common places in the home your pet spends the most time

Does he love your cool basement in the summer, hide under your deck or in a crawl space during thunderstorms, or nap in your child’s closet? Some small dogs can even fit under sofas and in cabinets.

Have someone stay behind

When searching for your lost dog, have someone stay home. 20% of lost dogs will return on their own.

Verify microchip info

If your pet is microchipped or electronically identified, call the company and make sure all contact information is correct in case he or she is found and scanned.

Search your yard or common outside areas that your dog frequents

They will often go to areas that have a familiar scent.

Contact neighbors and those in close proximity to your home

Have a recent picture of your pet to show, so your neighbors know what to look for.

Visit local shelters

Oftentimes, when animal control or a good samaritan finds a lost dog, the pet is brought to a local animal shelter. Bring a recent picture or fliers and leave your contact info in case anyone brings your dog in. Check shelters outside of your normal radius in the event that your dog ventures far from home.

Call your local animal control

Animal control is often contacted first when a stray or lost dog is found. Ask if they have picked up your dog and give them a specific physical description of your pet so they can be on the lookout if he or she has not been located yet.

Talk with local animal hospitals and clinics in your area

Take a picture or flier with your contact info and pet’s details.

Post on social media

Post info of your missing pet on every social media and local neighborhood app you have. Provide details on where he or she was last seen, a recent picture, and his or her name.

Hang posters and fliers

Print poster sized pictures and fliers of your dog and pertinent information. Hang in highly trafficked areas of your town. Use brightly colored, large signs to draw attention.

Check local marketplace websites

Craigslist and Facebook marketplace, will sometimes have pets for sale (which is technically illegal, but happens anyway), up for adoption, or pets that are found. Your dog may be listed.

Beware of scams

Remain hopeful!

The ASPCA found that 93% of lost dogs are eventually found and reunited with their owner(s)! There also is a 90% chance, if your dog is lost or missing that you will find him or her within 12 hours. Don’t give up!

PREVENTION

Once your dog has been found, here are some ways to help in the event he or she goes missing again.

1. Have your pet microchipped

A microchipped dog is 2.5 times more likely to be returned to its owner if he or she is lost than a non microchipped dog! A microchip is an electronic device, smaller than a grain of rice, that is placed under your dog’s skin, usually between the shoulder blades. The procedure is very quick, does not involve sedation or anesthesia, and is quite painless. The microchip holds a unique code that is specific to only your pet. Once this code is registered, you can add your contact info to be associated with your pet’s specific code. If your pet is lost, he or she can be scanned at a shelter or vet’s office. The microchip company is then contacted, who will then contact you. Microchip placement is inexpensive and only needs to be done once in your pet’s lifetime.

2. Place a collar on your pet with identification tags.

Collars can hold Rabies licenses tags and personalized tags with contact info. These tags can be attached from a metal loop or can be embroidered or embedded into the collar material.

3. Introduce pets to neighbors and those close by.

If you are new to an area, have a new pet, or have neighbors that recently moved in, introduce your pets to nearby folks. This can be done in person or with pictures. If your dog decides to wander to the neighbor two doors down, you will more likely be contacted instead of animal control.

4. Consider fencing if you have a frequent escape artist.

There are traditional fencing options as well as many companies that install underground fencing. These companies will also work with you to help train and acclimate your dog to his new fence.

5. GPS collars and wearable trackers are great.

These wearable devices will allow you to know where your pet is at all times within a certain radius. This is a great tool for dogs that frequently are on the go.

LINKS TO HELP

Petfinder: https://www.petfinder.com

PETCO Love Lost: https://lost.petcolove.org

Pet FBI: https://petfbi.org

Lost My Doggie: https://lostmydoggie.com

Paw Boost: https://www.pawboost.com

Find Toto: https://www.findtoto.com

Lost Dogs of America: https://lostdogsofamerica.org

Written By: Dr. Jessie Herman

What To Do If You Find A Lost Cat

I found a lost cat! What should I do? Here are some tips to help your new furry friend find its home.