One day you might be running your fingers along your dog’s body as you always do and come across something that piques your interest. Bumps and scratches can appear on your dog without you knowing how, so they might stand out on their otherwise smooth skin. When you first come across a bump, your first instinct is going to be to grab your flashlight and look closely at it.

Don’t freak yourself out by assuming the worst. Warts can be a common and harmless thing for your pet to have on their bodies. There are key symptoms that you can look for when inspecting these warts to infer if they might be more than just your everyday wart.

Keep reading to learn more about the differences between skin cancer and regular warts so that you can provide your dog with emergency medical attention if needed.

Coming Across Something Suspicious

The first time you notice a wart on your dog, it will definitely spook you. You might find yourself snatching your hand away at the idea of a foreign object being on your dog: Is it a tick? A scab? You’ll have to find out for yourself by inspecting it further.

What you are noticing could very likely be benign, but being on the lookout for any abnormality means you are being a good pet parent. It also means that if it is cancerous or life-threatening for any reason, early diagnosis and intervention can improve your pet’s health and wellness.

Not all warts require a trip to the vet, but it can be helpful when you are able to distinguish between regular warts and abnormal lumps. If you think that you are coming across something abnormal, it’s best to set up an appointment with your vet immediately to get further testing done.

Are All Dog Warts Cancerous?

Not all warts that you come across are going to be cancerous. A good majority of them will be nothing more than a regular wart, and you won’t have to worry yourself sick about your pet’s health. That doesn’t mean you shouldn’t get the wart checked out, though – mainly for your peace of mind.

If you want to determine what the growth on your dog is and if it’s a cancerous lump, you will need to get it examined and tested by your veterinarian. Once testing is done to determine what kind of bump your dog has got, necessary treatment can begin. If it’s a benign wart on your dog, your vet might still remove it, but otherwise, your pup should be in the clear.

Benign Warts on Dogs

Warts are small and round bumps that form on top of your dog’s skin. They usually range from a dark brown to a black color and might be flat or raised. It varies for each wart, but these traits don’t mean that they are more likely to be cancerous or not.

It’s very rare for a wart to become cancerous over time, but it is possible if they grow deep into the layers of skin beneath them. Warts form due to a contagious virus to other dogs, though they are rarely life-threatening. Even if not dangerous, your pup might find these warts annoying and uncomfortable.

Cancerous Warts on Dogs

Cancerous warts on dogs will look pretty different from normal warts. They might be large and abnormal in shape. Cancerous warts also will have a bumpier feel to them and might grow at a rapid rate. If you monitor your dog’s warts closely, you are more likely to notice if any moles change.

While you should always consult your veterinarian if you notice a mole, these are of particular concern:

Lumps that grow faster than others

Lumps that do not go away

Lumps that change color or texture

Lumps that are abnormally shaped

Your vet will likely take samples and send them to a lab for further testing if they suspect something is wrong with the wart. They will also ask about any changes in behavior or symptoms that your dog has experienced recently.

If the tests come back with undesirable news, your vet will then come up with a treatment plan for your dog’s specific cancer type and needs. These results will also help determine how far it might have spread.

Should You Remove Your Dog’s Warts?

Not all warts will need to be removed, but your vet might suggest surgery for some. Ultimately it comes down to their evaluation of the wart: How big is it, where is it, and is it causing discomfort to the pet?

Warts can appear anywhere on your dog’s body, and some may cause your dog more discomfort than others. Papillomas are caused by a virus and can come in multiples or just one. All cases are different, but they can usually be treated. Some might not be a bother to your dog, and therefore, a vet might not recommend removing them.

If your vet notices a suspicious-looking wart, they might recommend its removal. Potential options include (but aren’t limited to) having the wart frozen off with liquid nitrogen (cryosurgery) or removal with a scalpel.

Vets offer surgery to remove warts or be frozen off with liquid nitrogen, and they will go over the best options for your dog with you.

How Much Will Dog Wart Removal Cost?

The cost of wart removal for dogs depends on a few different factors. All vet offices will have different prices based on the office’s size, the wart sizes, how many there are, and what kind of anesthetic is needed to be used. Your vet might charge you a flat fee for everything or charge you per lesion. Before you make any decision, your vet’s office will go over all of your options.

Typically, people can spend anywhere from $150 to $1,000 on removing their dog’s warts. If your dog has multiple warts that you wish to remove, the total cost of the visit might be on the higher end than if you were to remove just one. There might be payment plans available at your vet, so be sure to ask.

Ask and Answer: Help Is Here

When you find a new wart (or your first) on your dog, you might want to panic, but it’s best to remain calm.

If you want answers and guidance fast, consider signing up with AskVet. You can get connected with a veterinary professional whenever a question arises. Yes, that means 24/7!

You can join a live chat session where you go over your pet’s symptoms or concerns. Whoever you speak with will guide you through some steps to try to distinguish if the wart you are seeing is benign or abnormal. They can provide you with advice on whether or not to seek further veterinary assistance.

When you join, you can even come up with different behavioral and treatment plans to improve your pet’s health and wellness. You shouldn’t feel alone when you are concerned about your dog, but you don’t always have access to your vet’s office. With AskVet, you don’t have to worry about waiting for answers. Schedule a session with a CPLC™ so you can get back to that game of fetch with your furry best friend.

Sources:

Current Status of Canine Melanoma Diagnosis and Therapy: Report From a Colloquium on Canine Melanoma Organized by ABROVET (Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology) | Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Characterization Of Canine Oral Papillomavirus By Histopathological And Genetic Analysis In Korea | NCBI

5 Types Of Skin Cancer In Dogs | NC State Veterinary Hospital 

Benign Skin Masses of Dogs | MSPCA-Angell

Bumping into a dog’s wet nose isn’t always the most pleasant of feelings, especially when it feels colder than your body temperature. On the other hand, some people love a pup’s wet nose and are constantly booping them as they walk by, and we don’t blame you for that!

There are different reasons for your dog’s nose to be wet, so it’s important to feel it every once in a while to make sure they are healthy and happy. If you’re wondering what it means when your dog’s nose is wet, keep reading:

Is a Wet Nose Normal?

All dogs are different, which means that the wetness of your dog’s nose may vary depending on a few factors. A wet nose is quite common and normal for dogs — especially for dogs that are up and about, moving around the house, exercising, and playing. When a dog is lying down calmly or sleeping, their noses might become more dry and warm.

Wet noses will help a dog pick up scents as particles will stick to their noses more easily. This is very useful to dogs because their sense of smell is one of their most important senses. A dog can determine a lot about their surroundings based on smell; it’s essential that they have access to this sense.

How Do Dogs’ Noses Get Wet?

A dog’s nose can become wet due to several reasons, all of which help them in the long run and are generally normal. If your dog is out and about all day, they might have gotten into wet grass, dipped their nose into their water bottle, or found some moist dirt to stick their face into.

All of these things can contribute to a wet nose; here are some more details:

Saliva

You’ve likely seen your dog lick their noses from time to time, and this can cause them to retain some moisture and feel wet. This is a habit that your dog might have to get a sense of what has recently been on their nose (and to do a little cleanup).

The scent particles carried into the mouth through the mucus from your dog’s nose activate the function of the Jacobson organ, which is responsible for semiochemical signal detection.

If your dog is a smart cookie, they will actively keep their nose wet so that they don’t miss out on any new information that comes by.

Mucus Secretion

Another reason for a wet nose is because of the mucus that dogs secrete. This mucus captures scents and enhances them so dogs can improve their sense of smell. This keeps the nasal cavity moist and might be what you feel when you boop your dog’s nose.

(Possibly) Perspiration

Additionally, dogs perspire through their nose. Dogs do not sweat as human beings do, so they have to regulate their body temperature somehow.

Dogs cool down through a few techniques; panting is one of the most famous. Some people think that a damp nose helps dogs chill out, but the science is inconclusive so far.

When it comes to perspiration, canines can sweat through their paw pads.

What Does It Mean When a Dog Has a Dry Nose?

It’s not necessarily a problem if your dog’s nose isn’t wet all of the time. Some dogs simply have drier noses than others. As you learn about your dog’s behaviors and body, you’ll be able to better identify when something is outside the ordinary.

A dry nose may result from a really good nap, being close to a fireplace or heater, snuggled up underneath blankets that cause their temperature to rise, and many other reasons. If you notice that your dog has additional symptoms like mucus discharge, an upset stomach, or lethargy, take them to a veterinarian, as there might be something else that is wrong.

For the most part, a dry nose is pretty typical, and the wetness will vary throughout the day depending on what kind of activities that your dog is participating in. Dehydration and fevers can contribute to a drier nose, but so can being sleepy. It’s best to always monitor your dog for behavioral changes to keep them happy and healthy.

Keeping a Dog’s Nose Healthy

Dog’s keep themselves pretty clean and healthy on their own, but sometimes an extra hand can’t hurt. Keeping your dog’s nose clean when they can’t seem to and ensuring that your dog has access to fresh water can keep your dog’s nose in good health.

Take note of any excess sneezing or a runny nose, as your dog might be allergic to something in your home or that they are ingesting. Flakiness on the nose might signify that they could be suffering from a sunburn (some dogs might need sunscreen on their noses too).

Ask Questions with AskVet

Questions about your pet are bound to come up, especially if you are an extremely involved dog parent (like the majority of us). With AskVet, you have access to Certified Pet Lifestyle Coaches™ who can give you answers when you need them. If your dog’s nose is a cause for concern, you can ask our coaches and get helpful responses in an efficient manner.

When you become a member of AskVet, you can begin creating a 360° plan to improve your dog’s overall wellbeing. You may need to adjust your dog’s diet or exercise levels depending on if they are having reactions that are causing a drier nose. These are all things that you can talk about with our Certified Pet Lifestyle Coaches™ and our veterinary experts when you use AskVet.

Our goal is to provide you with plans and care that will help you become the best pet parent that you can be. Being a dog parent, whether it’s your first time or your tenth time can bring forth some anxiety. We want to help you ease that anxiety and spend more time loving your pet!

Sources:

MRI Features of the Vomeronasal Organ in Dogs (Canis Familiaris) | NCBI

When the Nose Doesn’t Know: Canine Olfactory Function Associated With Health, Management, and Potential Links to Microbiota | NCBI

Why Is My Dog’s Nose Dry? | American Kennel Club

Do Dogs Sweat? | Live Science

Do Dogs Need Sunscreen? What to Know About UV Exposure in Pets | AKC

Whether you’re planning to responsibly breed your dog or suspect that your dog might be pregnant unintentionally, learning about the signs of pregnancy can make the situation less stressful. Caring for dogs can be hard work, and having multiple adorable puppies running around your house can be overwhelming. Knowing the early signs of pregnancy can prepare you for all that comes with dog pregnancy.

Every dog is different, and not all display the same symptoms. If you are breeding your dog, you might already be aware of some of the main behavioral and physical signs that puppies are soon to be on their way. Otherwise, if you aren’t anticipating puppies, some of the symptoms of pregnancy might alarm you.

Unfortunately, home pregnancy tests meant for people won’t be able to detect a possible litter of puppies growing inside your furry friend. That’s why you’ll want to keep reading for the signs of dog pregnancy and when to contact your veterinarian.

When Can Dogs Become Pregnant?

Dogs can become pregnant when they have reached sexual maturity. For larger dog breeds, this can happen anywhere from six months to two years, and for smaller dog breeds, it can start as early as four months.

That means if you don’t intend for your female dog to become pregnant, you might want to keep them away from unneutered males until they undergo spaying. While female dogs can get pregnant early on, this isn’t often healthy for their developing frame.

The window that a dog can become pregnant is when she “comes into season” every eight months or so. This period is often referred to as “being in heat” and can last for several weeks. If, during her heat cycle, your dog interacts with an unneutered male, the risk for pregnancy is high. Until your dog is spayed, this cycle will continue for the entirety of her life!

How Long Are Dogs Pregnant For?

Dogs have a gestation period of around two months, with some variety, depending on the size and breed of the dog. Development is rapid once the eggs are fertilized and embedded into the lining of the uterine horn. It takes around a month before a fetal heartbeat can be detected, and by the end of the second month, the babies are almost ready to be born.

When Do Pregnant Dogs Start To Show?

Because of how fast the puppies develop in the short time that your dog is pregnant, it might not be until halfway through the pregnancy that you notice her belly starting to swell. Keep in mind that if it’s your dog’s first time being pregnant, she will likely have a smaller litter size.

Many factors play into your dog “showing” during pregnancy, including the size and breed of the dog, the number of puppies she is having, and the dog’s health. A dog’s belly might not be the thing that makes it clear she’s pregnant, though if you are observant, it might be easier to point out.

Signs To Look Out For

There is no pregnancy test that you can give to your dog to find out if she is pregnant, but there are several signs. First, though this might seem obvious, if your dog is spayed, she will not get pregnant. So if you notice any of the following signs, it is due to something else, and it might be time to seek veterinary care.

If your dog is not spayed and exhibiting the following signs, it could be that puppies are on their way:

1. “Morning Sickness”

At the beginning of your dog’s pregnancy, she might be more nauseous than usual. This would be like experiencing morning sickness for pregnant humans.

Your dog might throw up or lose her appetite in the early stages. This is because of the changes in hormones that are happening as the fetuses begin to develop.

2. Change in Food Intake

A change in appetite is generally one of the first symptoms that something new is afoot. This is one reason why maintaining a healthy diet and keeping tabs on a dog’s appetite is essential. When something changes, we can take note quickly and assess any reasons for the change.

In the first few weeks of your dog’s pregnancy, you might notice a decreased appetite. Certain foods that she loves might no longer be appealing. She also might eat less food than normal or even skip feedings altogether. This often happens before any of the puppies have begun developing in the womb.

However, during the second month, it’s more likely that your dog’s appetite will increase, likely because she is now eating for many rather than just herself. Don’t be alarmed over these changes, but instead, work with them — you might be buying more dog food than usual for a month.

3. Behavioral Changes

A pregnant dog undergoes many changes in her body and brain. Every dog is unique, so their behaviors can range from clingy to avoidant. You never know how your dog will act until you have a pregnant one in your care.

Some pregnant dogs will want to stick by their people and be provided with lots of love and comfort. Others might want to be alone and isolate themselves rather than experience nesting behaviors.

Your dog might become quieter than usual and might have less energy. She might not be as eager to go play fetch over and over in the backyard and might find the comfort of the couch more appealing. Maybe belly rubs were once her favorite, and now she’s more hesitant. These could be signs that something is going on.

Providing for your dog’s needs can make the pregnancy easier for her. Some to-do list items before her due date are to buy/build her a whelping box, make sure her vaccinations are in order (always, but definitely pre-pregnancy), and take her for regular checkups.

Additionally, it can also build your trust with her so that when the babies come, she sees you as a safe person. If your dog experiences discomfort due to the pregnancy, don’t be offended if she seems irritated by your attention. She’s just trying to get through it!

4. Swollen Belly and/or Nipples

While it’s likely that a pregnant dog’s stomach will swell as the puppies grow inside of them, it’s not always very noticeable. However, if you notice that your dog’s belly is more round and enlarged, pregnancy could be the reason why.

Also, a dog who is pregnant might have enlarged nipples. This might be an easier way to determine if your dog is pregnant or not because their teats will become swollen and longer than usual.

The dog’s nipples might release discharge as the pregnancy moves along. It might start off similar to the appearance of mucus, but it’s the milk that is preparing for the newborn puppies. However, it’s worth mentioning that milk production can also signify a false pregnancy — checking with a vet will give a clearer answer.

5. Weight Gain

In conjunction with a swollen belly, your dog’s weight might begin to fluctuate. Once the puppies start to develop inside the womb, they will rapidly grow, which will add weight to your dog. Your dog might eat more than usual which will add to the weight gain. If there are no other reasons for your dog to suddenly gain weight, it might be due to pregnancy.

How Can You Be Sure?

There is no way for you to test at home to determine if your dog is pregnant or not, so the only way to be positive is to visit your veterinarian.

Your vet can administer a few different tests to determine if your dog is pregnant or not and how far along they are. This is helpful so that you can prepare for the puppies and give yourself enough time to ensure everything is in order.

The different methods include:

• Ultrasound: Between days 25 and 35, your vet could perform an ultrasound to help detect heartbeats and see how many puppies your dog is carrying.
• X-ray: X-rays are the easiest way to determine if your dog is pregnant because it shows a clear picture of what’s going on in your dog’s belly. Though, they aren’t effective until about the third trimester, when the skeletal systems of the puppies are visible.
• Hormone test: A hormone test can be done between 25 and 30 days to determine if the hormone Relaxin is being produced and to track your dog’s hormone levels. This hormone is only produced when a dog is pregnant, so if it’s evident in the blood test, it’s very likely your dog is pregnant.

AskVet: Here for Your Q&As

Trying to determine if your dog is pregnant on your own is not an exact science. Unlike a human pregnancy, it’s hard to tell at home; it’s time to dial up your vet.

With dog pregnancy comes many questions, and AskVet is here to answer them. You can consult with a Pet Coach or veterinarian to get guidance on all your pet health and lifestyle issues.

Whatever questions arise during your dog’s pregnancy can be answered at any given point in the day. If you wake up in the middle of the night worried about your pet, they are here to help! When you sign up today, you gain access to these coaches at all times of the day. The AskVet Team can help craft specified treatment and behavioral plans to find ways to improve your pet’s life.

You don’t have to be alone trying to keep your pet comfortable and healthy during her pregnancy; we are here to help. And, if it happens that your dog is pregnant, we congratulate you on becoming a grandparent!

Sources:

A Review Of Maternal Behavior In Dogs And Potential Areas For Further Research | NCBI

Dog Pregnancy: Signs, Care, and Preparing for Puppies | American Kennel Club

Physiology and Clinical Parameters of Pregnancy in Dogs | VIN

6 Signs of a Pregnant Dog | The Village Vets

False Pregnancy (Canine) | Mar Vista Animal Medical Center

As much as you try to prevent it, your dog might still get into something that they shouldn’t have. There are many precautions to ensure nothing is dangerous out in the open, but a determined dog will find their way into trouble. The best thing that we can be for our dogs is prepared. As pet parents, we’re always prepared to help, cuddle, and love them.

Knowing the proper steps to take and what to look out for can help you when it comes to dealing with a sick dog. It’s not always recommended that you induce vomiting, so knowing in what instances it’s safe to do so is important. Throwing up is a quick way to solve some problems, especially if you catch the issue early.

Read on to learn more about when (and when not) to make your dog throw up.

Why Might You Need To Induce Vomiting?

Dogs who get into something that is bad for their bodies will sometimes throw up on their own to get the substance out. However, this isn’t always the case.

If you notice that your dog is acting funny and they throw up, you should be sure to monitor their symptoms after the fact. It might help you to determine if this was a one-time thing or if you should seek professional veterinary help.

Dogs can get into foods they aren’t supposed to eat, items they aren’t supposed to chew on, and materials that can get stuck in their stomachs. It happens to the best of us, no matter how hard we try to avoid it. If you have seen your dog swallow something they aren’t supposed to, you might be able to induce vomiting right away to try to get it before it can do any damage.

The First Step Is To Call Your Vet

Before you induce vomiting in your dog, it’s important to talk to a veterinarian. However, pet parents are all too familiar with this situation: Your dog gets into the trash at 5:05 PM, but your local vet’s office closes at 5:00 PM.

Luckily, with AskVet, you can chat at any time of the day or night. AskVet members have 24/7 access to our virtual veterinary experts, who can help advise you on your next course of action.

Inducing vomit is not recommended to do on your own without supervision or assistance from a professional, but if you can’t get to a hospital, you might need to take things into your own hands.

When you work with a veterinarian, they can walk you through step-by-step instructions on how to induce vomiting safely. With a veterinary expert on the line, you can ask questions and explain the scene live to get the best care possible — start your chat with AskVet’s veterinary experts today!

Whether you are talking to your vet or an AskVet 24/7 vet, they will ask you your dog’s size and weight, what exactly you think it is they ate, at what time, and how much. This will help determine what your next steps should be. In many cases, they might urge you to get to an emergency vet clinic as soon as possible.

When Shouldn’t You Induce Vomiting?

It’s more likely than not that your vet will tell you to come into the office or visit an ER rather than induce vomiting in your pet on your own. It’s not always safe to make them throw up, even in a terrifying emergency.

Be aware of the following when considering whether or not to induce vomiting in your dog:

Timing

When exactly did your dog ingest the unwanted object? If it happened more than two hours before you’re reading this, then throwing up might not help them.

It’s likely that the substance has been absorbed into their bodies or begun the digestive journey. If it’s more recent than this, or you are unsure of the timing, you can try to induce vomiting.

Item Ingested Was Sharp or Solid

If your dog has ingested an item that is sharp or solid, trying to make them throw it up could create an esophageal injury. This goes for items with sharp edges, batteries, or anything solid.

Some items will pass through their digestion system fine and exit out normally, so it’s not always the end of the world if your dog swallows something they shouldn’t have. The problem arises when those items block the small and large intestines and create an obstruction later on.

Chemical Ingestion

Dogs who get into chemicals risk burning and damaging their esophagus and mouth when vomited back up. Though you might think it would be helpful to get the chemicals out of their bodies, you do risk extra damage to their throats.

Contact Animal Poison Control immediately if your dog has ingested any kind of chemicals.

Difficulty Breathing

We never want to make a dog who is struggling to breathe throw up. This could make a dog choke and breathe the vomit into their lungs.

The repercussions from this could be severe complications like fatal pneumonia. At this point, contact a vet immediately to figure out the next best steps.

Health Conditions

If your dog has underlying health conditions, inducing vomit isn’t always recommended. For instance, if your dog has recently had surgery (specifically close to their abdomen), it might not be safe.

Dogs prone to seizures might not do well with induced vomiting either. This is why it’s important for you to contact your vet or an emergency vet before trying anything out.

How To Make Your Dog Throw Up

If your vet gives you the go-ahead to induce vomiting, there is likely one method that they will tell you to do. They will talk you through it and let you know exactly what your dog should be able to handle.

3% Hydrogen Peroxide

Most vets will recommend 3% hydrogen peroxide to induce vomiting at home without the help of a trained professional. This is likely to be recommended if your dog has ingested something in the last two hours. Anything higher than 3% could be potentially harmful to your dog, so be sure to stick to this exact kind.

Vets have recommended one teaspoon of hydrogen peroxide per five pounds of dog, but you should never exceed over three tablespoons in a sitting. You might need to use a turkey baster to ensure that it’s going down your dog’s throat. Wait 15 minutes and see if anything comes up. If nothing does, you may administer another teaspoon if your vet approves it.

Monitor Your Pup

For the next few hours, watch your dog like a hawk. Take note of any side effects, like lethargy or diarrhea. If your dog is continuously vomiting for more than 45 minutes, you might want to reach back out to your veterinarian.

During this time, you will want to keep your pet comfortable. They might be distressed and in pain from vomiting. Stay by their side and give them a nice space to lie down in. Make a follow-up appointment with a veterinarian no matter how well the inducing goes to ensure that everything is alright with your furry friend.

24/7 Animal Advice: AskVet

When you are in a panic, and your vet doesn’t pick up the phone, it can send you spiraling. As dog parents, we want our companions to be safe and healthy at all times.

If you have any concerns, you can always reach out to a representative at AskVet. When you sign up, you get 24/7 access to live chats with a veterinarian. You can also meet with a certified pet coach or trainer to discuss behavioral issues, nutrition, overall wellness, and more.

The less time you have to spend worrying about what to do to help your pet, the more time you can spend building memories with your best friend. AskVet provides reliable and professional care to you whenever you need it so you can feel a bit more at ease in your everyday life!

Sources:

Emesis in dogs: a review | NCBI

The 10 Most Common Toxicoses In Dogs | ASPCA

Effectiveness And Adverse Effects Of The Use Of Apomorphine And 3% Hydrogen Peroxide Solution To Induce Emesis In Dogs In | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

Esophageal Foreign Bodies in Dogs: Presentation and Removal | TVP

Animal Poison Control | (888) 426-4435 | ASPCA

As a dog lover, you probably notice even the slightest change in your dog’s behavior or appearance. You’re the one that is likely petting your dog all over and feeling their every nook and cranny. So, if you come across a change in the feeling or look of their skin, you will likely notice it.

If you see black spots on your dog’s skin, the first thing you might want to do is panic, but we urge you not to. Black spots on a dog’s skin are common appointments in veterinary offices, so your dog will be in good hands.

These spots can pop up anywhere but are most frequently near the underbelly and genitals. This condition is often referred to as “hyperpigmentation.” It can happen to any dog of any age and can allude to something else going on related to your dog’s health, but it’s not always life-threatening. That being said, your dog might be due for some vet care.

Keep reading to learn more about black spots and hyperpigmentation on your beloved pet.

Black Spots and Hyperpigmentation

If black spots have begun forming on your pup’s skin, it could be due to hyperpigmentation. This refers to when your dog starts producing higher amounts of melanin, which makes their skin’s natural pigmentation darker. This might become most noticeable on dogs with lighter coat colors than on darker-coated dogs.

These spots can come from aging, intense friction in one area, or even sun exposure. For the most part, hyperpigmentation could be harmless. As with anything, you’ll want to watch to see if new, unusual, or worrisome behaviors begin. For example, if your dog starts scratching, licking, or rubbing those areas, there might be something else going on.

Hyperpigmentation: What To Watch Out For

Hyperpigmentation is usually a sign that something else is going on. There might be other symptoms that accompany hyperpigmentation, but it’s not necessarily a diagnosis. It is not a specific disease you can treat but a symptom itself. Your dog might have skin that becomes hyperpigmented due to several different reasons.

Along with black spots showing up, you might notice that the skin becomes irritated. It might become rough or red, with the possibility of hair loss. It’s possible that your dog also experiences scaliness or itchiness around the black spot.

Some dogs experience hyperpigmentation that is moist, and others experience black spots that are very dry. It’s completely random and might be dependent on the kind of dog and the specific situation.

When your dog is experiencing other symptoms along with hyperpigmentation, consult with your veterinarian to find out about underlying conditions.

Is Hyperpigmentation a Primary or Secondary Condition?

Hyperpigmentation is a secondary condition, meaning that it is a secondary effect. It’s usually the result of something else. In many cases, these spots could form after skin trauma or due to the natural process of aging.

What might accompany black spots on a dog’s skin is an underlying skin-related issue. If you can figure out the underlying problem, you’ll have a much easier time learning how to treat hyperpigmentation and ensure your dog is comfortable.

What Causes Black Spots?

Black spots can show up on a dog at any point. If you notice black spots on your dog, you shouldn’t jump to the worst conclusion. First, consider if there have been any changes in their diets, behaviors, medications, or life that might be causing added stress or discomfort.

Some of the more common reasons why black spots might appear on your dog are:

• Trauma: When a dog undergoes trauma to a certain body part, either from an injury or surgery, they might experience hyperpigmentation. The skin cells will go into repair mode and will release more melanin to protect the damaged skin.

• Allergies: If your dog has an allergic reaction to something in their food or environment, it may cause black spots on the skin. You may not be able to cure them, but you can manage allergies to help soothe the skin.

• Aging: As dogs age, they are more likely to experience hyperpigmentation. Monitoring your pup’s spots can help you protect your dog’s health.

Can These Spots Be Cancerous?

Unfortunately, these spots can be an indicator of melanoma cancer, but this is not always the case. These spots might be malignant (cancerous) or benign, but it will take further testing to provide you with exact answers. Cancerous melanomas are more likely to be found in hairless dogs, and these spots might grow quickly. If there is any rapid change in a black spot, you should reach out to your veterinarian immediately.

Skin cancer is the most common type of canine cancer. A range of culprits could be to blame, including UV radiation, chemicals, and more.

Benign melanoma should still be monitored for any change, but they usually just appear underneath the hair and are a few shades darker than the normal skin color. They might grow and change but at a much slower pace. They are viewed as not much more than a freckle!

The only way to know if a spot is benign or malignant is to book an appointment with your vet as soon as possible.

What About Black Spots That Look Like Dirt?

If there are flecks of dirt on your dog’s skin (usually on their underbelly) that you can never wipe off, your dog might be dealing with a yeast infection. This kind of infection is nothing to worry about and is easily treatable. This is caused by a fungus that grows in the darker and danker spots of the dog’s body, like ear canals and the groin area.

Your vet might recommend bathing your dog with special shampoo. If the yeast infection requires more care, your vet might be able to prescribe an ointment to assist with the treatment.

Treatment for Black Spots

If your dog has black spots, you’ll need them to receive a full evaluation by a veterinarian. The best way to figure out why your dog has black spots is to determine the underlying cause. If your dog has hyperpigmentation, there will generally be a reason for it — it’s just a matter of figuring it out.

If they’ve received a trauma to that area recently, it’s important they recover using the proper materials. If your dog has a skin infection, they should be prescribed the proper antibiotics and ointments needed to help resolve the issue. Managing their allergies can also help with hyperpigmentation as soon as you figure out what they’re allergic to.

With aging dogs, keep them as comfortable as possible and don’t let them irritate those areas any further. Keeping your little guy happy and comfortable is the goal!

Get Help With AskVet

Before you jump to conclusions, reach out to the professionals at AskVet, via our app and subscription for only $9.99/month. The Certified Pet Lifestyle Coaches™ at AskVet are available to answer all your pet-related medical and behavioral questions. So if something seems to be going wrong, or even if you just have a question about your pet, we are here 24/7.

For a 360° pet wellness plan, schedule an appointment with a Certified Pet Lifestyle Coach™ (CPLC) and have all your questions answered.

Sources:

Hyperpigmentation (Acanthosis Nigricans) in Dogs – Dog Owners | Merck Veterinary Manual

Cutaneous hyperpigmentation in dogs | NCBI

Comparative Aspects of Canine Melanoma | NCBI

Understanding principal and secondary conditions | The Loop

Dog Skin Cancer: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment | American Kennel Club

Your veterinarian has prescribed prednisone for your dog, and you want some additional clarification on what exactly it is and what it does. No worries, we are here to clarify some of your questions and get you more familiar with this new prescription. If your dog has an inflammatory condition, itchy and irritated, or has Addison’s disease, they might be prescribed prednisone.

Keep reading to learn more about prednisone and how it can impact your dog:

What Is Prednisone?

Prednisone is a synthetic corticosteroid similar to cortisol but much more potent, having a quicker and more immediate effect. Corticosteroids help to manage inflammation and have anti-inflammatory properties. Basically, it’s a steroid that works to help your dog feel better in the now and down the line.

Prednisone can be administered orally, topically, or by injection. When administered, the liver takes it and processes it into prednisolone. If your dog has liver disease, your vet might opt for synthetic prednisolone to reduce hepatic stress on the dog.

What Are the Short-Term Side Effects of Prednisone?

Prednisone is a commonly prescribed medication for a reason: it’s safe and effective. But that doesn’t always mean that your dog will avoid any potential side effects of short-term use. In general, these side effects aren’t usually too debilitating; they might just require a bit more love and attention to help your dog adapt.

Some common side effects of prednisone are:

• Increased thirst
• Behavioral changes
• Increased urination
• Panting
• Increased hunger

Most of the time, your dog will return to feeling normal within a few days of coming off the medication. If you have any concerns about your pet’s behavior, it’s essential to reach out to a professional with your questions. This just ensures your pet’s safety and your peace of mind.

Uses of Prednisone in Dogs

Prednisone is prescribed to dogs for a variety of reasons. It’s usually prescribed as an immunosuppressant or anti-inflammatory medication. Prednisone is known to be used as replacement therapy for endocrine disorders like Addison’s disease. Replacement therapy means that you’re supplying the body with what it’s lacking, maybe hormones or nutrients.

It can also treat abnormal cells, anaphylactic shock, or spinal cord trauma. Some of the other reasons might include:

• Itching
• Hives
• Allergic reactions
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBS)
• Asthma
• Arthritis
• Kidney disease
• Nervous system disorders
• Autoimmune diseases like lupus and autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Dosage for Dogs

The dosage for prednisone is based on your dog’s weight and condition. You shouldn’t be giving any more than what is prescribed and give it to your pup on a strict schedule.

If you were to give a higher dose by accident, you could lead to an overdose, which causes serious side effects:

• Seizures
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Lethargy and muscle weakness
• Fever
• Increased heart rate
• High blood pressure

If any of these occur after administering your dog prednisone, you should take them to a veterinarian immediately.

Long-Term Effects of Prednisone in Dogs

Most pets will be put on prednisone for a short period of time, but that’s not always the case. The longer that your dog has to be on prednisone, the more likely for side effects to start popping up. Some dogs need to be on it for up to four months or longer, but your veterinarian will likely monitor the situation extra carefully if this is the case.

If your dog has a serious health condition, like IBS or arthritis, you might want to ask your veterinarian about other options. Long-term use of prednisone can lead to a variety of side effects. When there is a surplus of prednisolone in the body, it can lead to liver dysfunction and even Cushing’s disease.

If you have had your dog on prednisone for some time, it’s advised that you don’t just let them quit it cold-turkey. Instead, your vet will advise you on how your pup should taper off. This method can help prevent any adverse side effects or withdrawal symptoms.

For example, your dog could possibly have a suppressed immune system after relying on prednisone for so long, so stopping it quickly can disrupt any healing that’s being done.

Is It Safe?

There is always a risk with any medication. The best way to ensure that your dog is safe and comfortable is to monitor their behavior and ask questions when they arise. You’ll know better than anyone else if your dog is in need of a check-up or if they are just extra tired that day.

Vets typically recommend avoiding prednisone if your dog has viral infections, systemic fungal infections, ulcers, and a few others. Make sure to consult your vet before using prednisone if your dog has any of these medical conditions.

In addition, prednisone has several drug interactions, including:

• CBD supplements
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin and carprofen
• Phenobarbital
• Cyclosporine

Feel Better Soon

When your questions and concerns do arise, you’ll want a friendly face available at any time of the day or night. Say goodbye to 2 AM frantic Google searches and hello to AskVet for the immediate and professional response you need.

The purpose of AskVet is to provide pet parents with 24/7 assistance so that they can put their worries to ease. We get that not every question or action requires a trip to the vet, but sometimes you still want answers in a timely fashion. AskVet pairs you with Certified Pet Lifestyle Coaches™, who can help answer questions about any pet members of your family (fish, lizards, dogs, cats, and more!).

Of course, if there is anything completely out of the ordinary that’s causing you to panic, you should call the emergency vet and get your dog help. AskVet is here to help your pet to a healthier lifestyle with a 360° Lifestyle Plan, individualized to each fluffy, feathery, or scaly member of your household.

Schedule an appointment with a CPLC™ today for just $9.99/month and access our wide range of experts, resources, community, and more.

Sources:

Pharmacokinetics of Oral Prednisone at Various Doses in Dogs: Preliminary Findings Using a Naïve Pooled-Data Approach | Frontiers In Veterinary Science

Management Of Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s Disease) In Dogs | NCBI

Prednisone-Induced Morphologic And Chemical Changes In The Liver Of Dogs | SAGE Journals

Does it seem like your pup is whining at the door to use the bathroom far more than usual? Is your normally very polite pooch having accidents indoors?

This all might be a sign that their bathroom routine is disrupted and there is something wrong with their urinary system.

Figuring out if your dog has bladder stones while at home isn’t black and white. You can’t necessarily tell if your dog is passing a bladder stone or not at any given moment, but if their behavior is changing and they are in some sort of discomfort, it’s best to ask your veterinarian.

Bladder stones are one of those things that, until we are seeing the x-rays of your dog’s bladder, we won’t understand the exact severity of it.

If you are worried that your dog might be dealing with bladder stones, contact your vet immediately to figure out the next best steps. If you’re on the fence, keep reading to learn more about bladder stones, their symptoms, and their treatment.

What Are Bladder Stones?

Bladder stones, also known as uroliths or cystic calculi, are formations of minerals that form in the urinary bladder and resemble little rock-like substances. There are four main types of bladder stones: struvite stones, urate stones, cystine stones, and calcium oxalate stones.

These stones aren’t necessarily one size and can instead be a range of different sizes. A dog might have one large stone that won’t pass or multiple stones of all sizes that are passing at different times.

Regardless of what kind of bladder stone affects your pup’s health, the pain is often high and can be very uncomfortable. Seeking help as soon as possible can put their pain at ease and help them get through this very unwanted ordeal and back to playing at the park.

Symptoms of Bladder Stones in Dogs

Bladder stones might start small and seemingly insignificant, but they can compile and grow in both size and number. Some signs of bladder stone formation include abnormalities like:

• Blood in your dog’s urine
• Abdominal pain
• Struggling to urinate due to blockage
• Frequent urination and dribbling urine
• Urinating in the house
• Licking at the urinary opening
• Overall discomfort

If your dog is unable to urinate and hasn’t gone to the bathroom in a noticeably long time, you should contact your veterinarian immediately, as this is likely an emergency.

Kidney Stones and Gallstones: What You Need To Know

Bladder stones are not to be mistaken for kidney stones or gallstones. While all are uncomfortable and affect the same structure, they are different in their own ways. Gallstones form in the gallbladder, and kidney stones form in the kidney. To see what exactly is going on in your pet, your dog will need to undergo an x-ray.

How Do Bladder Stones Form?

Bladder stones usually form in one of two ways:

• The first is when certain minerals in a pet’s body aren’t processed correctly in the urinary system, and they begin to build up in rock-like forms.
• The second is when specific mineral levels in your pet’s body become too high; the minerals crystallize and harden into bladder stones.

This could be caused by a multitude of things: an issue with your dog’s metabolism, dietary factors, or a previous disease like a bladder infection. It can happen at any time and at any age, so it’s not like one group is more likely to get it than another.

For the most part, the main kinds of minerals found to create bladder stones are struvite crystals, calcium oxalate, urate, and cystine crystals. Some types are more common in male dogs than female dogs.

Different underlying conditions and issues can also influence the stone formation in a dog. If your dog has any of the following, it might increase the risk of them developing bladder stones:

• Urinary tract infection (UTI)
• Kidney disease
• Urine acidity and alkalinity (urine ph)
• Nutritional imbalance
• Decrease in water intake
• Genetic or breed predisposition

How Long Does It Take for a Kidney Stone To Form?

The crystallization of minerals in your dog’s bladder doesn’t happen overnight. Instead, it can take anywhere from a few weeks to several months for a bladder stone to fully form. Depending on the quantity of crystalline material available, your dog’s bladder stones hardly have a known timeline.

It may take months for a very large bladder stone to form and then affect your dog. You might not even realize that something so sinister is building in your dog’s body until they struggle to use the bathroom and look in pain.

Diagnosing Bladder Stones

The only way to truly diagnose bladder stones is for a DVM to perform an x-ray or radiographs on your dog. Before you get to this point, your veterinarian will do a physical examination and ask about your dog’s diet and history. At the same time that they will recommend an x-ray, they will also probably want to run a urinalysis, urine culture, and bloodwork to ensure there isn’t anything else wrong.

A dog’s bladder stones can also be identified through the abdominal wall with your fingers by being palpated. Some, though, will be too small to feel or too large to actually palpate. The earlier that you get this diagnosis, the better off your dog will be. They might be able to avoid any urinary obstructions later on and instead find treatment immediately.

Treatment Options for Bladder Stones

Due to the variety of bladder stones, including their size and location, treating them is very personal. It’s likely that your veterinarian will discuss treatment for your pet specifically so that they can get the exact treatment that they need.

There are three main treatments for bladder stones:

1. Surgical removal
2. Urohydropropulsion
3. Dietary dissolution through a special diet

Surgical Removal

Surgical removal is the quickest way to treat bladder stones, although it’s not an option for every pup since some dogs don’t tolerate anesthesia well.

In this surgery, the stones are removed via a cystotomy (when the surgeons go in and open the bladder to remove the stones). This procedure can remove the stones if they happen to be blocking your pet’s urethra, yet it’s not always necessary, and other options are available.

Urohydropropulsion

Urohydropropulsion is useful when the bladder stones are small and somewhat passable. You put a catheter into the bladder to help flush out the stones. This is usually done under anesthesia as well. Additionally, your vet might use a cystoscope, a small instrument that can sometimes remove small stones without surgery.

Dietary Dissolution

Dietary dissolution is the third way to treat bladder stones. This involves feeding your dog a diet that is formulated to dissolve bladder stones. These diets are always tailored to a specific kind of mineral found in your dog’s body.

This is a great option for those trying to avoid surgery, but this method has some disadvantages:

• This method doesn’t work for all stone types, and your dog will have to undergo stone analysis to find out if they are dissolvable.
• It can take several weeks to dissolve the stone, and your dog might have recurring infections during the process. They often are placed on antibiotics to help prevent other bacterial infections.
• Lastly, not all dogs will eat the prescription diet, so you might be out of luck. These diets only work if it’s what is being fed to your dog exclusively. No treats or supplements can be given to your dog during this time, which is sometimes harder for the owner than the dog.

Preventing Bladder Stones

In some cases, prevention is possible! This will depend on the mineral composition of the stones, but you can get a better idea of this once the stones are removed. If they are removed or small enough to pass through the bladder, they should be tested for their chemical composition. You might be able to alter their diets to help balance out the mineral composition in their body.

Encouraging your dog to increase their water consumption can help to prevent bladder stones as it can lower the acidity in your dog’s body. Some vets will recommend that you switch to the canned dog food version of your pet’s food to increase their fluid intake.

By staying on top of your dog’s health, you can also help to prevent bladder stones. This looks like taking care of other underlying conditions and getting them checked out at the vet regularly. If your pet is suffering from a kidney infection or UTI, this might aid in the formation of bladder stones, so treating all other issues with your dog can better protect them from forming other health-related issues.

Get Answers From the Experts

When it comes to your pet, even the littlest thing can pique your interest. If your dog’s behavior changes in the slightest, you will be the first person to recognize it. This can be a good thing, especially when your dog is in pain.

When you aren’t sure what to do, reach out to AskVet Certified Pet Lifestyle Coaches™ 24/7. You can reach out and talk with the highly-trained CPLCs about your dog’s change in behavior, and they can recommend the best next steps.

If you think your dog might be struggling to urinate or experiencing pain, AskVet can help determine the issues and provide support as needed. Sign up today and get started in a whole new world of pet care for only $9.99 a month.

Sources:

Urinary Stones | American College of Veterinary Surgeons

Stones In Cats And Dogs: What Can Be Learnt From Them? | NCBI

Canine Struvite Urolith Medical Dissolution | Minnesota Urolith Center